A Rare Case of Supraclavıcular Regıon: Branchıoma (Ectopıc Cervıcal Thymoma) BY Nihal Seden Boyoğlu IN Journal of Clinical Case Reports Medical Images and Health Sciences




A Rare Case of Supraclavıcular Regıon: Branchıoma (Ectopıc Cervıcal Thymoma) BY Nihal Seden Boyoğlu IN Journal of Clinical Case Reports Medical Images and Health Sciences

Abstract

Background: In the past, it was believed that ectopic thymoma was a rare hamartomatous tumor found in the cervical region, caused by the presenceof ectopic thymic tissue due to disrupted thymus migration during fetaldevelopment. However, recent literature indicates that these lesions do notoriginate from the thymus and should be referred to as branchiomas. Despitebeing uncommon, it is crucial to consider these lesions in the differentialdiagnosis of cervical masses.Case presentation: A 53-year-old male patient presented to our clinic with aone-year history of swelling on the left side of the neck. Upon examination,a 6 cm mass was found in the left supraclavicular region. An MRI of the neckrevealed an oval mass with mixed components of soft tissue and fat density. Afine needle aspiration confirmed the diagnosis of ectopic thymoma. The patientthen underwent a complete surgical resection of the tumor under generalanesthesia, with no significant residual tumor. The final histopathologicaldiagnosis was branchioma.


Conclusion: Although ectopic thymomas in the cervical region are rare; thymomas, currently known as branchioma, may be considered a differential diagnosis for supraclavicular masses.


Introduction
Thymic tumors are rare but account for about 47% of anterior mediastinal
tumors. They can also be found ectopically in the middle or posterior
mediastinum, lung, and pleura. Ectopic thymomas are believed to originate
from dispersed thymic tissue that cannot migrate into the anterior-superior
mediastinum [1].
Although in previous years, neck lesions with histological features resembling
thymoma were categorized as ectopic thymomas, recent immunohistochemical
studies have revealed that there is no resemblance between ectopic thymomas
in the mediastinum or lung and neck lesions. As a result, this entity has been
excluded from the ectopic thymoma classification.
Different names have been previously used to refer to this entity (such
as ectopic thymoma of the lung, bronchial mixed tumor, thymic tumor, and
branching phenotype), but currently, the term ‘’branchioma’’; is widely
accepted. Branchioma consists of epidermal and mesodermal lineage
derivatives, including epithelial islands, spindle cells, without preexisting thymic
tissue or evidence of thymic differentiation [2].
In this case, the clinicopathological features of a branchioma in the left
supraclavicular region are described and the literature regarding this topic
is reviewed, and the rationale for abandoning the term ectopic thymoma is
summarized

For More Information:JCRMHS

 

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